What are Sitemaps?
Sitemaps are an easy way for webmasters to inform search engines about pages on their sites that are available for crawling. In its simplest form, a Sitemap is an XML file that lists URLs for a site along with additional metadata about each URL (when it was last updated, how often it usually changes, and how important it is, relative to other URLs in the site) so that search engines can more intelligently crawl the site.Web crawlers usually discover pages from links within the site and from other sites. Sitemaps supplement this data to allow crawlers that support Sitemaps to pick up all URLs in the Sitemap and learn about those URLs using the associated metadata. Using the Sitemap protocol does not guarantee that web pages are included in search engines, but provides hints for web crawlers to do a better job of crawling your site.
What is Flame?
Flame is a complex data stealing Virus that contains about 20 times as much code as Stuxnet about and about 100 times as much code as a typical virus designed to steal financial information.
Spoofing in IT
Making an e-mail
message appear to have come from one place when really it comes from another is
called spoofing. It is generally used by spammers, who do not want their real
address to appear on the e-mails they send. Since the messages they send out
have web links in them, they do not care if people click `reply' and send an
e-mail to the wrong place. It also makes it a lot harder for ISP to track them
down and close their accounts.
Google Panda
Google Panda
refers to the change introduced to the search algorithm used by Google in 2011,
to give better search results. The change aims to lower the rank of "low
quality content sites" in search results and return high-quality sites to
its users. CNET reported a surge in the rankings of News websites and Social
Networking sites, and a drop in rankings for advertising sites. This change
reportedly affected the rankings of almost 12 percent of all search results.
According to Amit Singhal, the head of Google's core ranking team; Google Panda
is named after an engineer at Google. (wikipedia
entry reproduced).
Google Bomb
A Google bomb is
an effort to inflate a website's search ranking for a particular term. Google
gives importance to pages linking to a particular page for ranking purposes. In
case of Google bombing, pranksters use a phrase to link to a particular page
from their sites multiple times, to push that page to the top of search
results. One of the most (in)famous examples of this was "miserable
failure", which placed the official White House homepage of George W Bush
atop the search results for that term.
Website Pharming
Pharming involves
rerouting the traffic of a particular website to a bogus one. This is done by
exploiting the weaknesses of the site's Domain Name System (DNS) server.
Pharming poses major concerns to corporates and e-commerce sites. Anti-pharming
measures are required to safeguard sites.
Cybersquatting
Cybersquatting is
registering a website in the names of popular brands. The word squatting in
this context means unauthorised occupation of someone else's property. In the internet
domain, techsavvy entrepreneurs register websites in the names of popular
brands, whose owners do not have websites of their own. This can lead to
misrepresentation in the internet media about the products or services the
brand sells in the market. The brand owners naturally would like to buy the
domain either to give authentic information about products and services or to
stem the ill-effects of such misrepresented sites. The person who first
registered the brand name sells the site and makes a profit. The ethical and
legal aspects of such practice are ambiguous as the intention of the original
owner of the site can either be genuine or fraudulent.
Cyberchondriacs
Much like
hypochondriacs who obsess about any small ache or pain they may have, cybercondriacs
frequently surf the internet to glean information about anything that affects
them. They now form 84% of all adult net users. Cyberchondriacs are even said
to discuss what they learnt from the net about a particular ailment with their
doctors. The term could also refer to people who imagine they have a disease
because their symptoms match those on a health website.
Simputer
The word
'Simputer' is an acronym for 'simple, inexpensive and multilingual people's
computer'. It is a small, inexpensive, handheld computer, intended to bring
computing power to developing countries. It includes textto-speech software and
runs the GNU/ Linux operating systems. The device was designed by the Simputer
Trust, a non-profit organisation formed in November 1999. Simputers are
generally used in environments where computing devices such as PCs cannot be
used.
Digital Nomad
A person who works
on the move is called a digital nomad. Such a worker may or may not be on the
rolls of a company, and could be a consultant/freelancer/a writer on the move.
They are persons with a free spirit who like a remote lifestyle and earn as
they move, and believe that with discipline and the correct technology, they
can be as productive as a person sitting in office. This is new tribe of people
and for them, the economic downturn has brought little distress as companies
turn to part-timers to save on costs.
Digital Cleanse
Digital cleanse is
a term mooted by John Mayer, musician and avid blogger and tweeter, as a
resolution and challenge for the first week of 2010. It means keeping off all
digital contraptions — a stop to emailing, texting, social networking, blogging
and surfing sites. It is seen as a new health craze, considered good for the
body and mind. The basic idea is to unplug and meet people.
Captcha
Captcha refers to Completely
Automated Public Turing Test to differentiate between computers and
humans. A Captcha Security Code is an image of letters that a person must type
in to match the Captcha image they see. It is a type of challenge response test
used in computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a computer.
This code was created to stop automated computer spam robots from filling out
forms and harvesting email addresses and then sending out spam emails. Only a
human can type out a code he sees correctly, an automated computer programme
cannot.
E-mail Apnea
Email apnea is the
stress caused by the inability to process emails and connect even as mails
flood the inbox. It is marked by a suspension of breathing, shallow breathing
or hyperventilating while checking mail. Researcher Linda Stone coined this
term after realizing that many people go through this process every morning,
the mind whirling from mail to mail, filing, forwarding etc. She also found the
effect of this kind of apnea on general health to be negative in the long term.
Software Entropy
The tendency, over
time, for software to become difficult and costly to maintain is known as
software entropy. A software system that undergoes continuous change, like new functionality
added to its original design, will eventually become more complex, losing its
original design structure, and may even become disorganized as it grows. In
theory, it may be better to redesign the software in order to support the
changes rather than build on the existing programme.
Cookies
A cookie is a text
string that is included with Hypertext Transfer Protocol requests and
responses. Cookies are used to maintain information as we navigate different
pages on a website or return to the website at a later time. Cookies cannot be
used to run code (programmes) or deliver viruses to computer. One of their
primary purposes is to provide a convenience feature that one can use to save
time — it tells the web server that you have returned to the page. If you
personalize web pages or register for products and services, a cookie helps the
page server recall your specific information, like billing address, shipping
address.
Why
the symbol @ used in e-mail is addresses?
An e-mail address
identifies a location to which e-mail messages can be delivered. Ray Tomlinson
needed a way to separate, in the email address, the name of the user from the
machine the user was on. He wanted a character that would not, under any
conceivable circumstances, be found in the user's name. He looked down at the
keyboard and chose the @ sign among various punctuation marks available on his
Model 33 teletype keyboard, without an idea that he was creating an icon for
the internet world. A general format for an e-mail address is: username@computer_name.
The part before the @ sign is the local part of the address, the user name of
the recipient, and the part after the @ sign is the domain part which is a host
computer name.
The `@'
symbol indicates that the user can be reached on the Internet by giving the
email address(also called the User's Uniform Resource Locator (URL)).
In 1973, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) was designed and in 1983 it became the standard for communicating
between computers over the Internet. In 1976, US Presidential candidate Jimmy
Carter and running mate Walter Mondale used email to plan campaign events. In
the same year, Queen Elizabeth sent her first email, becoming the first state
leader to do so. In 1982, the term "Internet" was used for the first
time.
A
search engine does not search the entire Internet, but databases of Web pages.
When a designer contacts a search engine for the addition of his website in the
database, a program called Spider visits the site, reads the pages, indexes the
contents and follows links to move on. Search engines like Google use
algorithms to find pages with matter relevant to the keywords entered by the
user. If the title or headings of the page contain the keywords, then it gets
higher preference. Google also uses a patented algorithm called PageRank system
that ranks a website based on how many sites have links to it and their ranks
as well.
Software testing is to test a
software or software code to find bugs and errors. There are basically of two
types: alpha testing and beta testing. The first is done at the developer end,
while the second is at the user end. A beta tester is the customer itself and
notes down defects and reports them to the developer. The user/ customer is
called a 'beta tester' because he is the second one to carry out the testing.
The term is derived from the fact that beta comes after alpha in the Greek
alphabet.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) is also an optical storage device that looks the same as a compact disc
but is able to hold about 15 times as much information and transfer it to the
computer about 20 times as fast as a CDROM. The CD and DVD have the same dimensions.
DVDs come in two formats: the DVD-Video and the
DVD-ROM (DVD Read Only Memory) format. The DVD-Video format is used for home
movie entertainment through a DVD player.
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